《礼记·曲礼》记载出国之礼:
当然礼不下庶人,对于普通人来说,无所谓有什么朝廷爵禄的问题,只需考虑由五兄弟宗族是否还存在,如果是,则须回去通告自己在国外的状况。
James Legge的英文翻译:
君子行禮,不求變俗。祭祀之禮,居喪之服,哭泣之位,皆如其國之故,謹修其法而審行之。去國三世,爵祿有列於朝,出入有詔於國,若兄弟宗族猶存,則反告於宗後;去國三世,爵祿無列於朝,出入無詔於國,唯興之日,從新國之法。出国之人遵守祖国礼俗还是新国礼俗,这里规定得很清楚,在国外第三代出生,还要根据在本国是否有兄弟宗族,朝廷是否还有爵禄,决定是否改变自己的祖国的礼俗。
当然礼不下庶人,对于普通人来说,无所谓有什么朝廷爵禄的问题,只需考虑由五兄弟宗族是否还存在,如果是,则须回去通告自己在国外的状况。
James Legge的英文翻译:
A superior man, in his practice of ceremonies (in another state), should not seek to change his (old) customs. His ceremonies in sacrifice, his dress during the period of mourning, and his positions in the wailing and weeping, will all be according to the fashions of-his former (state). He will carefully study its rules, and carry them exactly into practice. (But) if he (or his descendants) have been away from the state for three generations, and if his dignity and emoluments be (still) reckoned to him (or his representative) at the court, and his outgoings and incomings are announced to the state, and if his brothers or cousins and other members of his house be still there, he should (continue to) send back word about himself to the representative of his ancestor. (Even) after the three generations, if his dignity and emoluments be not reckoned to him in the court, and his outgoings and incomings are (no longer) announced in the state, it is only on the day of his elevation (to official rank) that he should follow the ways of his new state.James Legge在一百多年前翻译礼记(礼记英文版出版于1885年),这段翻译的注释中,James Legge提到当时的华侨不愿意改变自己的习俗:
The 'superior man' here must be an officer, probably the head of a clan or family. Does not the spirit of this chapter still appear in the unwillingness of emigrants from China to forget their country's ways, and learn those of other countries?现在出国的人也许不那么讲究了。
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